Production of aluminum
The production process starts with the refining of bauxite into alumina powder (alumina) in a refinery using the so-called Bayer method. The alumina powder is then transported to an aluminum smelter, often via container ships.
An aluminium smelter is very energy-intensive and is therefore often built in locations with good access to electricity. In the smelter, the alumina powder undergoes electrolysis, a process in which carbon anodes are immersed in the liquid material while large amounts of electricity are passed through the cells. The result is primary aluminum with a purity of at least 99.5%. By adding different alloying elements, different aluminum alloys can then be produced.
Properties and uses of aluminum
Thanks to its unique properties, aluminum is used in a wide range of industries.
Construction sector
In the construction industry, aluminum profiles are commonly used in windows, doors, entrances and balconies. The material’s corrosion resistance and low weight make it particularly attractive for structures exposed to the elements.
Automotive industry
Aluminum is widely used in the automotive industry. Reducing the weight of vehicles reduces fuel consumption and thus contributes to lower emissions over the lifetime of the vehicle. Light trucks, buses and trains can also carry more cargo, while the properties of aluminum contribute to increased safety in case of accidents.
Aerospace industry
High strength combined with low weight makes aluminum an ideal material for aircraft and spacecraft structures.
Electronics and telecommunications
In the electronics and telecom industry, aluminum profiles are used in base stations, antenna mounts and front panels. Low weight and the material’s ability to integrate multiple functions make it suitable for various components.
The energy industry
Aluminum conducts electricity well and weighs less than copper. One kilogram of aluminum can carry twice as much electricity as one kilogram of copper, which has led to aluminum largely replacing copper in high-voltage power lines.
Technical properties of aluminum
- Density: 2.7 kg per cubic decimeter, making it three times lighter than iron.
- Conductivity: Approximately 60% of the conductivity of electrolytic copper for electricity and heat.
- Oxide layer: Aluminum forms a protective oxide layer on contact with atmospheric oxygen. If the layer is damaged, it is automatically re-formed.
- Strength: Aluminum alloys have tensile strengths between 70 and 700 MPa.
- Temperature resistance: retains its toughness even at temperatures down to -200°C.
- Length expansion: Has a relatively large coefficient of length expansion.
In conclusion, aluminum is an extremely useful and versatile material that, thanks to its properties, plays a crucial role in several industries.
Swedish Aluminum
For many years, we have been a member of the Swedish Aluminum Association, which works to develop the use of aluminum and that it should be seen as a natural choice of material with regard to safety, economy, design and a sustainable society.
In collaboration with other stakeholders, the organization has developed detailed information on aluminium which can be found via the link below.
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